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The Gamma Knife uses ionizing radiation (gamma rays) produced by 201 cobalt-60 sources to target and destroy a tumor, a blood vessel abnormality such as an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) within or adjacent to brain tissue, or to treat the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and trigeminal neuralgia (an excruciatingly painful facial condition) with extreme accuracy. Since each individual gamma ray is of relatively weak intensity, the normal brain tissue surrounding the abnormality is protected as the full dose of radiation is focused only at the point where all 201 beams converge. This explains why side effects are rare and usually temporary. Since the procedure is non-invasive, or “bloodless”, the risks of post-operative complications, such as infection and hemorrhage, are eliminated.

A multidisciplinary team consisting of a neurosurgeon, a radiation oncologist, and a radiation physicist accomplishes treatment with the Gamma Knife. The referring physician is an active partner in the treatment process, and patients accepted by Gamma Knife treatment remain in their primary physician’s care. Providing regular reports on patient status, the Gamma Knife team maintains ongoing communications with referring physicians through evaluation, treatment, follow-up, and outcome studies.